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What is Radiation?
Radiation simply refers to the process in which energy emits waves or particles. One body emits energy, transmits it through a medium or space, and another body absorbs it.
What is the source of radiation
Radiation exists at every corner of the earth. The intensity of the radiation varies from one place to another. Because of the low level of radiation, we are unable to feel its impact. Both natural and artificial processes produce radiation. Radiation sources include x-ray machines, microwaves, radio frequencies, ultraviolet rays, gamma, and other medical equipment.
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According to the law and the act, radioactive sources must be “sealed”. Usually, they are very small; their size can vary from tiny seeds used in cancer treatment to the size of the tip of a ballpoint pen, or it may be up to several inches in length, depending on the material and its configuration.
Without a radiation detector, it is not possible to detect something as radioactive. Knowing the type of detector you have and the type of radiation it can detect, such as alpha, beta, gamma, x-ray, and/or neutron, is crucial. Scanning an object with a typical gamma or x-ray radiation detector will not detect alpha particles.
The exact effect is dependent on the type and intensity of radiation exposure.
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Radioactive iodine causes thyroid cancer, which potassium iodide (KI) protects against. Nuclear explosions can release a specific type of radioactive material. Only in a radiation emergency involving KI release should one take KI pills. Since the use or release of radioactive iodine from a “dirty bomb” is highly unlikely, KI pills would not be useful.
There is no conception like that. Ionizing Radiation can’t be measured like that. Everything is depending upon the activity of the source.
Law and order never allow us to keep a radioactive source without proper shielding. If we maintain it in that manner, leakage will occur, posing an unexpected risk to human safety. We never recommend keeping a radioactive source like that because we are professionals.
Who regulates the Radioactive materials & Radiation Exposure?
Our Country has a long-term plan of wide applications of nuclear radiations and radioactive sources for peaceful applications for mankind. Like in; medicine, industry, agriculture and research. Already having several places in the country where such sources are being used. These places are mostly outside of the Department of Atomic Energy (DAE) installations. DAE supplies such sources. The most important application of nuclear energy in DAE is in electricity generation through nuclear power plants. Around 22 such nuclear reactors are operating now. In view of the above mentioned wide spread applications, Indian parliament through an Act, called Atomic Energy Act, 1962 created an autonomous body called Atomic Energy Regulatory Board (AERB) with authority and powers.
This Board issues licenses, codes, guides, manuals, etc., to regulate such installations to ensure safe use of such sources and crews engaged in such installations and environment, receives radiation exposures within the maximum limit prescribed by them. Periodic reports are submitted to AERB to demonstrate compliance of its directives. Health, Safety and Environment (HSE) Group of Bhabha Atomic Research Centre (BARC), Mumbai and various regional offices carry out necessary surveillance and monitoring of all installations of the DAE on a routine basis and periodic inspections of other installations using radiation sources. Some of the nuclear fuel cycle plants like nuclear power plants and fuel reprocessing involve large radioactive source inventories and have potential of accidental release of radioactivity into the environment.
The data is provided to AERB and is available to members of the public. In addition, a multi-tier system of AERB permissions is in place to ensure that all aspects of safety have been considered before permission to operate is granted. The stages where permission of AERB is essential are site selection, design data, and several stages during construction and operation. The details required by AERB include provision for treatment and storage of radioactive waste, de-commissioning procedures and provision of costs. In addition to AERB, nuclear power plants must comply with the requirements of Ministry of Environment and Forests and get their clearance. This is given based on Environmental Impact Assessment Report which should satisfy the authorities that no ecological damage will be caused, and the facility will not have adverse effect on the environment. In addition, the State Pollution Control Board where the facility is to be located must permit the site of the plant for its proposed discharges into the environment. It is largely due to the above comprehensive regulatory controls that none of the plants in India had any accident during the last 34 decades of operation. The type of measurements carried out by the ESL’s and results from a few typical ESL’s will be presented.
Why do you need to be careful around radiation?
It is vital to protect ourselves from the harmful impact of radiation. Radiation should be handled sensitively, it has both negative and positive influence in our daily basis life. Radiation is also used for curing sever diseases like cancer, on the other hand, excessive exposure of radiation can lead you to serious diseases like cancer, thyroid, leukemia etc. Radiation can damage our living cell and DNA; thus, it is crucial to be careful around high radiation locality.
What is the worst, Radiation can do to you?
Radiation can even kill you if you are exposed to enough of it. By doing so much damage to your organs and body that your body can’t do no longer operational functions. The regulatory system for radioactive materials is designed to prevent the possibility that anyone could receive an exposure even close to the levels that might suffer a painful and short-term damage. The simplest preventions against harmful radiation exposure are time, distance and shielding. Limit the time you are exposed to the radioactive source; increase the distance between you and the source; and shield yourself by placing objects between you and the source. These concepts form the basis of nuclear regulation so that we may enjoy the beneficial uses of radioactive materials while minimizing the risk to public health and the environment. For additional information.